social mobility

Study took into account the degree of education, vocational training and parental income for the occupation and income of children

The parents' education influences the average income and education of children, the study found Mobility Socio-occupational, the National Sample Survey of Households (PNAD 2014),  released on Wednesday (16) by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ( IBGE). The survey took into account the level of education, vocational training and income of parents to the occupation and income of children.

In 2014, the income of average working people with college degrees whose mothers had no education was R $ 3,078, reaching R $ 5,826 for those with mothers with higher education.

Similarly, the average income of people working with higher education was R $ 2,603 ​​when the father had no education, reaching R $ 6,739, in the case of a person whose father had higher level. 

For people with high school education, the average income ranged from R $ 1,431 when the mother had no education, R $ 2,209, for those whose mothers had higher education; and R $ 1,367, for those whose father had no education, R $ 2,884.00 in the case of the father have higher level.

Presence of parents

According to the survey, the mother's presence in the home contributes to a higher level of education of the children. More than half of the children (51.4%) had socio-occupational rise in relation to the mother, while 47.4% amounted for his father.

When compared, the percentage of uneducated people living only with the mother (10.3%) or father and mother (10.8%) is lower than that of children living only with the father (16.2% ).

Likewise, for children who have completed higher education, they obtained 14.4% rates when they lived with both parents, 11.9% were living only with the mother, and 9.6% when living only with the father.

socio-occupational group

Throughout their professional life, about half of those (49.1%) remained in the same socio-occupational group compared to the first job, while 11.1% fell from one stratum to another inferior.

The rise was observed in 38.6% of the employed, the percentage strongly influenced by the group of agricultural workers, vendors and trade service providers and service workers.

Research has shown that intergenerational mobility of children whose mothers were occupied when they were 15 reached 51.4%. They remained in the socio-occupational strata mother of 36.3% and 11.5% had downward mobility.

In relation to the father, 47.4% were able to upward mobility, 33.4% of children reproduced the father's occupation and 17.2% had downward mobility, taking jobs with lower income and greater vulnerability.

Agricultural workers registered rise of 26.0%, the highest among all strata analyzed, followed by workers in the production of goods and services and repair and maintenance, with 11.5% ascending professionally.

Among workers whose father was a mid-level technician, only 1.1% had upward mobility, moving to occupations that required higher qualifications.

occupational groups of parents were assessed when the children were 15 years of age and occupational group in which the child was busy in the reference week of the survey.

It was possible to observe the persistence of children in the occupational groups of parents, such as parents who worked as professionals in the arts and sciences in which 46.1% of the children also worked.

It is also possible to observe that 22.7% of children of administrative workers and 22.9% of mid-level technicians of children were busy in the Professional group of sciences and arts.

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